Accounting by Sector

Accounting built around your industry.

The same fixed monthly packages, FreeAgent bookkeeping and dedicated accountant sit behind every page below — but the day-to-day questions a construction firm asks are not the ones an e-commerce brand asks. Pick your industry to see what actually matters for a business like yours.

Choose your sector

Find the support built for how your industry actually works

Business owners across different sectors

Construction & Trades

CIS awareness, cashflow around staged payments and retentions.

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Hospitality & Food

Cash and card reconciliation, tight margins and staff payroll.

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E-commerce & Online Retail

Multi-channel sales reconciliation, stock and COGS awareness.

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Creative & Digital Agencies

Project-based income, retainer clients and subcontracting.

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IT & Software Contractors

IR35 awareness and personal service company structures.

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Consultants

Day-rate income, expense claims and structure decisions.

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Health & Wellness Practitioners

Mixed income streams and room-rental status questions.

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Professional Services & Freelance Creatives

Irregular income, expenses and Self Assessment, handled properly.

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What's the same everywhere

The compliance work doesn't change. The questions do.

Every sector page sits on the same foundation. What changes is the handful of things that go wrong in your industry and nowhere else.

  • Included on every sector. Bookkeeping, year-end accounts, Corporation Tax or Self Assessment, VAT under Making Tax Digital, payroll and pensions, Companies House filings, FreeAgent (worth up to £330 a year) and a named accountant.
  • What the sector changes. Which VAT scheme suits you, how income is recognised, which costs are genuinely allowable, what your chart of accounts needs to separate, and which numbers are worth watching monthly.
  • What it doesn't change. The deadlines. HMRC applies the same dates to a hair salon and a software contractor.
Where sectors actually differ

The four things that vary most

How and when you get paid

A restaurant is paid at the till. An agency invoices on 30 days and gets paid on 55. A construction firm is paid in stages with retentions held back for months. Same profit on paper, completely different cash position.

VAT treatment

Zero-rated food, the domestic reverse charge in construction, exempt healthcare, marketplace VAT collected by the platform, or partial exemption where you have a mix. Being on the wrong scheme is one of the most expensive quiet mistakes a small business makes.

Who does the work

Employees, subcontractors, associates on a room rental, or people supplying through their own company. That drives CIS, IR35, employment status and auto-enrolment — and HMRC looks at the substance, not the label on the contract.

What sits on the balance sheet

Stock and cost of goods sold for retail. Work in progress for agencies and consultants. Equipment and vehicles for trades. Handled wrongly at year end, the profit figure is simply wrong.

A worked example

The same invoice, treated three ways

Illustrative figures, used to show the mechanics rather than any particular business.

A £5,000 invoice — £4,000 of labour, £1,000 of materials — lands very differently depending on the industry it sits in.

  • Construction subcontractor, CIS registered — 20% deducted from labour only£4,200 received
  • Construction subcontractor, not registered — 30% deducted from labour£3,800 received
  • Agency or consultant, standard 20% VAT, no CIS£6,000 received

In the first two the deduction isn't lost — it goes to HMRC on account of your tax and is set against the bill later — but it has gone from this month's bank, and under the reverse charge no VAT arrives with it either. In the third, £1,000 of that £6,000 belongs to HMRC, which is how businesses end up short at the quarter end. Registering for CIS rather than staying unregistered is worth £400 of working capital on this one invoice alone.

The process

How we get sector-specific without making it complicated

  1. 1
    We look at how money actually moves

    Not what the industry is called, but how you win work, invoice it, get paid and pay other people.

  2. 2
    We build the chart of accounts around it

    So reports separate what you need to see — revenue by channel, labour versus materials, retainer versus project — instead of one lump called "sales".

  3. 3
    We check the schemes and statuses

    VAT scheme, CIS position, IR35 exposure, employment status. Fixed at the start, reviewed when the business changes.

  4. 4
    We agree what gets watched monthly

    Two or three numbers that matter in your industry — gross margin per project, wages as a percentage of sales, stock turn, debtor days — rather than a report nobody reads.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about sector accounting

Do I pay more for a sector-specific service?

No. The sector pages describe how the same package is applied, not a premium version of it. Fees are based on size and complexity — transaction volume, VAT registration and scheme, payroll headcount, number of entities — and not on the industry label. What the sector genuinely changes is which VAT scheme suits you, how income is recognised, which costs are actually allowable, what your chart of accounts needs to separate, and which numbers are worth watching monthly. What it does not change is the deadlines: HMRC applies the same dates to a hair salon and a software contractor.

What if my business spans two sectors?

Common, and fine. A builder who also lets a property, a consultant who sells an online course, a café with a catering arm. Practically it usually means separate income streams tracked in the accounts so you can see which one actually makes money, and occasionally a partial exemption question on VAT where one activity is exempt and the other is not. Both are dealt with at setup rather than discovered at the year end. Where the activities have genuinely different risk profiles, a second entity may be worth considering — that is a tax and legal conversation, not a bookkeeping one.

What is the domestic reverse charge in construction?

For most construction services between VAT-registered businesses within the CIS chain, the customer accounts for the VAT instead of the supplier charging it. The subcontractor invoices without VAT, notes that the reverse charge applies, and the contractor deals with it on their own return. It changed the cash position materially for a lot of subcontractors, because VAT no longer sits in their bank account between quarters — a business that was quietly using it as working capital felt that immediately. It does not apply to end users or to supplies of materials alone, and getting the boundary wrong causes real problems.

Can you handle marketplace and multi-channel sales?

Yes. Amazon, Etsy, Shopify, eBay and the card processors all report differently, and each reports net of something — platform fees, refunds, shipping subsidies, advertising, marketplace-collected VAT. Taking the payout figure as revenue understates both turnover and costs, and it is the single most common error we see in e-commerce books. Holding stock in another country through a fulfilment service can also create a VAT registration obligation there, sometimes from the first sale rather than at a threshold. See e-commerce and online retail.

Do you understand IR35 if I contract through my own company?

Yes, and no calculator can give you a status. It depends on the reality of the engagement — control over how and when you work, whether a substitute is genuinely permitted, mutuality of obligation, financial risk and how embedded you are in the client's organisation. Medium and large private-sector clients and all public-sector bodies issue a Status Determination Statement, which you can and should challenge if it is wrong. We review the written contract and the actual working practices, which is where determinations are decided. Start with IT and software contractors.

My sector is not listed. Does that mean you cannot help?

No — the eight pages are the sectors we are asked about most, not a list of who we accept. The compliance work is the same everywhere and the sector-specific part is a handful of things that go wrong in your industry and nowhere else, which we work out at the discovery call. Where we would genuinely hesitate is anything requiring a statutory audit, regulated client money handling, or a specialist regime such as Lloyd's syndicates or charity SORP at scale. Ask, and you will get a straight answer rather than a confident yes.

How do you decide which numbers matter for my sector?

By working out what actually decides profit in your business, which is rarely the twenty lines on a standard profit and loss. A restaurant lives on gross margin split wet and dry, and staff cost as a percentage of sales. An agency lives on utilisation and revenue per head. A contractor lives on job-level margin and work in progress. An e-commerce business lives on contribution per channel after fees, refunds and shipping. We agree four or five numbers at setup, build the chart of accounts to produce them, and report against those rather than the software's defaults.

Don't see your industry? We can probably still help.

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